مقدمة
ايزو (المنظمة الدولية للمقاييس) هو تحالف عالمي لهيئات المعايير الوطنية (الهيئات الأعضاء في منظمة الأيزو). عادة ما يتم تطوير المعايير الدولية من خلال اللجان الفنية ISO. يحق لكل مؤسسة عضو مهتمة بموضوع تم تشكيل لجنة فنية له أن تكون ممثلة في تلك اللجنة. وتشارك أيضًا في هذا العمل المنظمات الحكومية الدولية وغير الحكومية المتعاونة مع ISO. تعمل ISO بشكل وثيق مع اللجنة الكهروتقنية الدولية (اللجنة الانتخابية المستقلة) في جميع المسائل المتعلقة بالتوحيد القياسي الكهروتقني.

يتم وصف الإجراءات المستخدمة لتطوير هذه الوثيقة وتلك المستخدمة لمزيد من الصيانة في الجزء 1 لتوجيهات ISO/IEC. بخاصة, لاحظ معايير الموافقة المختلفة المطلوبة لأنواع مختلفة من مستندات ISO. تمت صياغة هذه الوثيقة وفقًا لقواعد التحرير الواردة في الجزء 2 لتوجيهات ISO/IEC (راجع iso.org/directives).

يرجى ملاحظة أن بعض محتويات هذه الوثيقة قد تكون خاضعة لحقوق براءات الاختراع. ISO ليست مسؤولة عن تحديد أي أو كل براءات الاختراع هذه. تفاصيل أي حقوق براءة اختراع تم تحديدها أثناء إعداد الوثيقة ستكون في المقدمة و/أو قائمة مطالبات براءات الاختراع التي تتلقاها ISO (راجع iso.org/patents).

أي أسماء تجارية مستخدمة في هذا المستند هي معلومات مقدمة لراحة المستخدم ولا تشكل مصادقة.

Voluntary, related standards and conformity assessment related ISO specific and express the meaning of terminology as well as in relevant ISO technical barriers to trade (TBT) الالتزام بمبادئ منظمة التجارة العالمية (منظمة التجارة العالمية) information, يرجى الرجوع إلى عنوان URL التالي:iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

تم إعداد هذه الوثيقة من قبل ISO/TC 256 اللجنة الفنية للأصباغ, الأصباغ والحشو.

Any feedback or questions about this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete list of these institutions can be found at iso.org/members.html.

ايزو 21683-2019 “إطلاق الأجسام النانوية المحاكية من الدهانات, الورنيش, والبلاستيك الملون في تجارب تحديد الأصباغ والحشوات”

يقدم
Nanoobjects (nanoscale pigments and fillers) may be released from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics into the surrounding air or liquid, which is an important health and safety consideration for the end user and the environment. لذلك, it is important to obtain data on the tendency of tinted coatings and plastics to release nanoobjects so that exposure can be assessed, controlled and minimized [10]. The properties may depend on the physical and chemical properties of the nano-object and the matrix containing the nano-object.

The methods currently available to assess the tendency of pigments, varnishes and plastics to release nano-objects into the air require energy to be applied to the sample to induce wear, erosion or comminentation, which causes the particles to diffuse into the gas phase, أي., produce aerosols.

Due to its high sensitivity, particle number concentration and quantity weighted particle size distributions are necessary to quantify the release of nano-objects, because particle mass depends on cubic particle size and the mass concentration of nano-objects is too low to detect them with currently commercially available instruments. Further measurements, such as total particle surface concentration, such as references [11] و [12], may help explain, على سبيل المثال, health aspects. If the shape, morphology, porosity, and density of the granular material is known, it can be accurately converted to different quantity types by measuring the total particle size distribution.

In addition to selecting the appropriate measuring instrument, a quantitative assessment of process-induced particle release requires detailed information about the sample, the stresses introduced, and the type of interconnection with the instrument. شكل 1 shows, على سبيل المثال, the single stages that need to be considered when quantitatively characterizing particulate matter release in the air.

1 يتراوح
This document specifies a method for experimentally determining the release of nanoscale pigments and fillers into the environment under mechanical stresses of paints, varnishes and tinted plastics.

The method is used to assess whether and how many particles of defined size and distribution are released from the surface and released into the environment under stress (type and height of applied energy).

Samples are aged, weathered or otherwise conditioned to simulate the entire life cycle.

2 المراجع المعيارية
تتم الإشارة إلى الملفات التالية في النص بطريقة تشكل بعض أو كل المحتوى متطلبات هذه الوثيقة. للمراجع المؤرخة, تنطبق إصدارات الاقتباس فقط. للمراجع غير المؤرخة, النسخة الجديدة من المرجع (بما في ذلك أي مراجعات) ينطبق.

ايزو 9276-1, Representation of the results of particle size analysis – جزء 1: Graphical representation

ايزو/TS 80004-1, nanotechnology — مفردات — جزء 1: Core terminology

ايزو/TS 80004-2, nanotechnology — مفردات — جزء 2: Nano-objects

ايزو 21683-2019 “إطلاق الأجسام النانوية المحاكية من الدهانات, الورنيش, والبلاستيك الملون في تجارب تحديد الأصباغ والحشوات”

3 المصطلحات والتعاريف
لأغراض هذه الوثيقة, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1, ايزو/TS 80004-2 وتطبق المواد التالية.

3.1 General terms and definitions

3.1.1 الهباء الجوي

A system of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas

[مصدر: ايزو 15900:2009, 2.1]

3.1.2 مقياس نانومتر

The length ranges from about 1 نانومتر ل 100 نانومتر

ملحوظة 1: Attributes that are not extrapolated from larger sizes are mainly represented within this length range.

[مصدر: ايزو/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.1]

3.1.3 Nanoparticles

For nanoobjects (3.1.4), all external dimensions are at the nanoscale (3.1.2), where there is no significant difference between the length of the longest axis and the shortest axis of the nanoobject

ملحوظة 1: If the size difference is large (usually more than 3x), terms such as nanofibers or nanoplates may be superior to the term nanoparticles.

[مصدر: ايزو/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.4]

3.1.4 كائنات النانو

Nanoscale discrete materials with one, two or three external dimensions (3.1.2)

ملحوظة 1: The second and third outer dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other.

[مصدر: ايزو/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.5]

3.1.5 طلاء

Tinted coating material that, when applied to the substrate, يشكل طبقة جافة معتمة مع واقي, decorative or specific technical properties

[مصدر: ايزو 4618:2014, 2.184]

3.1.6 Equivalent spherical diameter x

The diameter of the sphere has the same physical properties as the particle in the measurement

ملحوظة 1: على سبيل المثال, the physical properties are the same as the sedimentation rate or the displacement volume or projection area of the electrolyte solution under the microscope.

ملحوظة 2: The physical property referred to by equivalent diameter should be denoted by an appropriate subscript, على سبيل المثال. x S for equivalent surface area diameter or xV for equivalent volume diameter.

[مصدر: ايزو 26824:2013, 1.6]

3.1.7 Particle Size Distribution. PSD

The cumulative distribution of material fractions less than a given particle size (size too small), expressed by the distribution density of material fractions in an equivalent spherical diameter or other linear size or size class divided by the width of that class

ملحوظة 1: Particle size distribution is described in ISO 9276-1.

3.1.8 Condensed particle counter

Instrument for measuring aerosol particle Number Concentration (3.1.1)

ملحوظة 1: Particle sizes detected are usually less than a few hundred nanometers and larger than a few nanometers.

ملحوظة 2: CPC is a possible detector for use with DEMC.

ملحوظة 3: في بعض الحالات, a condensed particle counter may be called a condensed matter kernel counter (CNC).

[مصدر: ايزو 15900:2009, 2.5]

3.1.9 Differential electromobility Classifier

A classifier that can select aerosol (3.1.1) particles based on electromobility and deliver them to the outlet

ملحوظة 1: DEMC classifies aerosol particle sizes by balancing the electrical power on each particle with its aerodynamic drag in the electric field. The classified particles fall within a narrow range of electromobility determined by the operating conditions and physical size of the DEMC, and they can have different sizes due to the amount of charge they have.

[مصدر: ايزو 15900:2009, 2.7]

3.1.10 Differential mobility analysis system DMAS

System for measuring submicron aerosol (3.1.1) particle size distribution, consisting of DEMC, flowmeter, particle detector, interconnect pipe, computer and suitable software

[مصدر: ايزو 15900:2009, 2.8]

3.2 Specific terms and definitions

3.2.1 Particle release in paints, varnishes and plastics

Materials are transferred from paints, varnishes and plastics to liquids or gases due to mechanical stresses

3.2.2 Particle number release n

The total number of particles in a specified size range released from the sample due to mechanical stress

3.2.3 The number of particles in a specific area releases nA

Particle number release (3.2.2), divided by the stressed surface area of the sample

3.2.4 Mass ratio particle number release

Particle number release (3.2.2), divided by the mass of material removed

3.2.5 Total volume flow

Volume flow, which absorbs all air transport emissions at the particle source and transfers them

3.2.6 Particle number concentration nV

Particles per volume of air

3.2.7 Process concentration

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), total volume velocity (3.2.5) and particle number release (3.2.2) due to mechanical stress on the sample

3.2.8 Measuring concentration

The particle number concentration (3.2.6) was calibrated against a specified process concentration dilution (3.2.7) to establish better conditions for aerosol analysis

3.2.9 Concentration of sample room

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), which results from the release of particle number in a specific area under better mixing conditions at specified room heights (3.2.3)

ملحوظة 1: Intermodel concentrations are independent of the selected test conditions and represent reference concentrations for actual particle number concentrations (على سبيل المثال, particle pollution in the laboratory) when heights between models are carefully selected.

قسم المعلومات القياسية فقط هو العام. لرؤية المحتوى كاملا, تحتاج إلى شراء المعيار من خلال القنوات الرسمية.