úvod
ISO (Mezinárodní organizace pro normalizaci) je globální aliance národních normalizačních orgánů (členy ISO). Vývoj mezinárodních norem se obvykle provádí prostřednictvím technických komisí ISO. Každá členská instituce, která se zajímá o předmět, pro který byla ustavena technická komise, má právo být v této komisi zastoupena. Do této práce jsou zapojeny také mezinárodní vládní a nevládní organizace, které jsou ve spojení s ISO. ISO úzce spolupracuje s Mezinárodní elektrotechnickou komisí (IEC) ve všech záležitostech elektrické normalizace.

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ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

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This document was prepared by the ISO/TC 256 Technical Committee on Pigments, Dyes and Fillers.

Any feedback or questions regarding this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete list of these institutions can be found at iso.org/members.html.

představit
Nanoobjects (nanoscale pigments and fillers) can be released from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics into the surrounding air or liquids, which is an important health and safety consideration for the end user and the environment. Proto, it is important to obtain data on the tendency of tinted coatings and plastics to release nanoobjects, so that exposure [10] can be assessed, controlled, and minimized. This property may depend on the physical and chemical properties of the nanoobject and the substrate containing the nanoobject.

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

Methods currently available to assess the tendency of pigments, laky, and plastics to release nano-objects into the air require energy to be applied to the sample to induce wear, erosion, or comminentation, which causes the particles to diffuse into the gas phase, tj., produce aerosols.

Due to their high sensitivity, particle number concentration and quantity weighted particle size distribution are necessary to quantify the release of nanoobjects, since particle mass depends on the cubic particle size and the mass concentration of nanoobjects is too low to detect them with currently commercially available instruments. Further measurements, such as total particle surface concentration, such as references [11] a [12], may help explain, například, health aspects. If the shape, morphology, porosity and density of the granular material is known, it can be precisely converted to different quantity types by measuring the total particle size distribution.

In addition to selecting the appropriate measuring instrument, quantitative assessment of process-induced particle release requires detailed information about the sample, the stress introduced, and the type of interconnect with the instrument. Postava 1 shows, například, the single stages that need to be considered when quantitatively characterizing particulate matter release in the air.

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

1 Rozsah
This document specifies a method for experimentally determining the release of nanoscale pigments and fillers into the environment under mechanical stress in paints, varnishes and tinted plastics.

The method is used to assess whether and how many particles of defined size and distribution are released from the surface and released into the environment under stress (the type and height of applied energy).

Samples are aged, weathered, or otherwise conditioned to simulate the entire life cycle.

2 Normativní odkazy
Na následující soubory se odkazuje v textu způsobem, který tvoří část nebo všechny požadavky tohoto dokumentu. Pro datované odkazy, platí pouze citovaná verze. Pro nedatované reference, novou verzi reference (včetně případných revizí) platí.

ISO 9276-1, Representation of results of particle size analysis – Část 1: Graphical representation

ISO/TS 80004-1, nanotechnology – Slovní zásoba – Část 1: Core terms

ISO/TS 80004-2, nanotechnology – Slovní zásoba – Část 2: Nano-objects

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

3 termíny a definice
Pro účely tohoto dokumentu, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1, ISO/TS 80004-2 a platí následující články.

3.1 General terms and definitions

3.1.1 Aerosols

A system of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas

[Source: ISO 15900:2009, 2.1]

3.1.2 nanometer scale

The length ranges from about 1 nm to 100 nm

Poznámka 1: Properties that are not extrapolated from larger sizes are mainly represented in this length range.

[Source: ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.1]

3.1.3 Nanoparticles

For nanoobjects (3.1.4), all external dimensions are at the nanoscale (3.1.2), where the length of the longest and shortest axis of the nanoobject is not significantly different

Poznámka 1: If the size difference is large (usually more than 3x), terms such as nanofibers or nanoplates may be superior to the term nanoparticles.

[Source: ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.4]

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

3.1.4 Nano objects

Discrete materials with one, two or three external dimensions at the nanoscale (3.1.2)

Poznámka 1: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other.

[Source: ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.5]

3.1.5 Malovat

A tinted coating material, when applied to a substrate, forms an opaque dry film with protective, decorative or specific technical properties

[Source: ISO 4618:2014, 2.184]

3.1.6 Equivalent spherical diameter x

The diameter of the sphere has the same physical properties as the particles being measured

Poznámka 1: Například, the physical properties are the same as the sedimentation rate or the displacement volume or projection area of the electrolyte solution under the microscope.

Poznámka 2: The physical properties referred to by the equivalent diameter should be expressed using appropriate subscripts, such as x S for the equivalent surface area diameter or xV for the equivalent volume diameter.

[Source: ISO 26824:2013, 1.6]

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

3.1.7 Distribuce velikosti částic. PSD

The cumulative distribution of material fractions less than a given particle size (size too small), expressed by the distribution density of material fractions in an equivalent spherical diameter or other linear size or size class divided by the width of the class

Poznámka 1: Particle size distribution is described in ISO 9276-1.

3.1.8 Condensed particle counter

Instruments for measuring aerosol particle number concentrations (3.1.1)

Poznámka 1: The particle size detected is usually less than a few hundred nanometers and larger than a few nanometers.

Poznámka 2: CPC is a possible detector for use with DEMC.

Poznámka 3: V některých případech, a condensed particle counter may be called a condensed matter nucleus counter (CNC).

[Source: ISO 15900:2009, 2.5]

3.1.9 Differential electromobility classifier

A classifier capable of selecting aerosol (3.1.1) particles based on electromobility and passing them to the outlet

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

Poznámka 1: DEMC classifies aerosol particle sizes by balancing the electrical power on each particle with its aerodynamic resistance in an electric field. Classified particles fall within a narrow range of electromobility determined by the operating conditions and physical size of the DEMC, while they can have different sizes due to the amount of charge they have.

[Source: ISO 15900:2009, 2.7]

3.1.10 Differential mobility analysis system DMAS

System for measuring sub-micron aerosol (3.1.1) particle size distribution, consisting of DEMC, flow meter, particle detector, interconnecting pipe, computer and suitable software

[Source: ISO 15900:2009, 2.8]

3.2 Specific terms and definitions

3.2.1 Particle release in paints, varnishes and plastics

Due to mechanical stress, materials are transferred from paints, varnishes and plastics to liquids or gases

3.2.2 Particle number Release n

The total number of particles within a specified size range that are released from the specimen due to mechanical stress

3.2.3 The number of particles in a specific area releases nA

Particle number release (3.2.2), divided by the stressed surface area of the specimen

3.2.4 Mass release by particle number

Number of particles released (3.2.2), divided by the mass of material removed

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

3.2.5 Total volume flow

Volume flow, which absorbs all air transport emissions at the particle source and transfers them

3.2.6 Particle number concentration nV

Number of particles per volume of air

3.2.7 Process concentration

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), total volume flow rate due to mechanical stress on the specimen (3.2.5), and particle number release (3.2.2)

3.2.8 Measuring concentration

The particle number concentration (3.2.6) is calibrated by a specified process concentration dilution (3.2.7) to establish better conditions for aerosol analysis

3.2.9 Concentration of model room

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), which results from the release of particle number in a specific area under better mixing conditions at a specified room height (3.2.3)

Poznámka 1: Intermodel concentrations are independent of the selected test conditions and represent reference concentrations for actual particle number concentrations (např., particle pollution in a laboratory) when the intermodel heights are carefully selected.

ISO 21683-2019 “Release of nano-objects from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics experimentally simulated for the determination of pigments and fillers”

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