предисловие
ИСО (Международная Организация Стандартизации) это глобальный альянс национальных органов по стандартизации (Органы-члены ИСО). Разработка международных стандартов обычно осуществляется техническими комитетами ISO.. Каждое учреждение-член, заинтересованное в теме, по которой создан технический комитет, имеет право быть представленным в этом комитете.. В этой работе также участвуют международные правительственные и неправительственные организации, поддерживающие связь с ISO.. ИСО тесно сотрудничает с Международной электротехнической комиссией. (МЭК) по всем вопросам электротехнической стандартизации.

Процедуры, использованные для разработки этого документа, и процедуры, используемые для дальнейшего сопровождения, описаны в Части. 1 Директивы ISO/IEC. В частности, обратите внимание на разные стандарты утверждения, необходимые для разных типов документов ISO.. Этот документ был составлен в соответствии с правилами редактирования, изложенными в Части 2 Директивы ISO/IEC (см. iso.org/directives).

Обратите внимание, что определенное содержание этого документа может быть защищено патентными правами.. ISO не несет ответственности за идентификацию каких-либо или всех таких патентов.. Подробная информация о любых патентных правах, выявленных во время подготовки документа, будет указана во введении и/или списке патентных заявок, полученных ISO. (см. iso.org/patents).

Любые торговые наименования, использованные в этом документе, представляют собой информацию, предоставленную для удобства пользователя, и не являются одобрением..

Добровольный, related standards and conformity assessment related ISO specific and express the meaning of terminology as well as in relevant ISO technical barriers to trade (ТБТ) adhere to the principle of the world trade organization (WTO) information, пожалуйста, обратитесь к следующему URL-адресу:iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document has been prepared by the ISO/TC 256 Technical Committee on Pigments, Dyes and Fillers.

Any feedback or questions about this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete list of these institutions can be found at iso.org/members.html.

ИСО 21683-2019 “Выпуск моделируемых нанообъектов из красок, лаки, и тонированные пластики в экспериментах по определению пигментов и наполнителей”

представлять
Nanoobjects (nanoscale pigments and fillers) may be released from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics into the surrounding air or liquid, which is an important health and safety consideration for the end user and the environment. Поэтому, it is important to obtain data on the tendency of tinted coatings and plastics to release nanoobjects so that exposure can be assessed, controlled and minimized [10]. The properties may depend on the physical and chemical properties of the nano-object and the matrix containing the nano-object.

The methods currently available to assess the tendency of pigments, varnishes and plastics to release nano-objects into the air require energy to be applied to the sample to induce wear, erosion or comminentation, which causes the particles to diffuse into the gas phase, то есть, produce aerosols.

Due to its high sensitivity, particle number concentration and quantity weighted particle size distributions are necessary to quantify the release of nano-objects, because particle mass depends on cubic particle size and the mass concentration of nano-objects is too low to detect them with currently commercially available instruments. Further measurements, such as total particle surface concentration, such as references [11] и [12], may help explain, например, health aspects. If the shape, morphology, пористость, and density of the granular material is known, it can be accurately converted to different quantity types by measuring the total particle size distribution.

In addition to selecting the appropriate measuring instrument, a quantitative assessment of process-induced particle release requires detailed information about the sample, the stresses introduced, and the type of interconnection with the instrument. Фигура 1 shows, например, the single stages that need to be considered when quantitatively characterizing particulate matter release in the air.

1 диапазон
This document specifies a method for experimentally determining the release of nanoscale pigments and fillers into the environment under mechanical stresses of paints, varnishes and tinted plastics.

The method is used to assess whether and how many particles of defined size and distribution are released from the surface and released into the environment under stress (type and height of applied energy).

Samples are aged, weathered or otherwise conditioned to simulate the entire life cycle.

2 Нормативные ссылки
Следующие файлы упоминаются в тексте таким образом, что часть или все содержимое соответствует требованиям этого документа.. Для датированных ссылок, применяются версии только для цитирования. Для недатированных ссылок, новая версия ссылки (включая любые изменения) применяется.

ИСО 9276-1, Representation of the results of particle size analysis – Часть 1: Графическое представление

ИСО/ТС 80004-1, nanotechnology — Словарный запас — Часть 1: Core terminology

ИСО/ТС 80004-2, nanotechnology — Словарный запас — Часть 2: Nano-objects

ИСО 21683-2019 “Выпуск моделируемых нанообъектов из красок, лаки, и тонированные пластики в экспериментах по определению пигментов и наполнителей”

3 Понятия и определения
Для целей настоящего документа, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1, ИСО/ТС 80004-2 и применяются следующие статьи.

3.1 General terms and definitions

3.1.1 Аэрозоль

A system of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas

[Источник: ИСО 15900:2009, 2.1]

3.1.2 нанометровый масштаб

The length ranges from about 1 нм до 100 нм

Примечание 1: Attributes that are not extrapolated from larger sizes are mainly represented within this length range.

[Источник: ИСО/ТС 80004-1:2015, 2.1]

3.1.3 Nanoparticles

For nanoobjects (3.1.4), all external dimensions are at the nanoscale (3.1.2), where there is no significant difference between the length of the longest axis and the shortest axis of the nanoobject

Примечание 1: If the size difference is large (usually more than 3x), terms such as nanofibers or nanoplates may be superior to the term nanoparticles.

[Источник: ИСО/ТС 80004-2:2015, 4.4]

3.1.4 Нано объекты

Nanoscale discrete materials with one, two or three external dimensions (3.1.2)

Примечание 1: The second and third outer dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other.

[Источник: ИСО/ТС 80004-1:2015, 2.5]

3.1.5 Краска

Tinted coating material that, when applied to the substrate, образует непрозрачную сухую пленку с защитной, decorative or specific technical properties

[Источник: ИСО 4618:2014, 2.184]

3.1.6 Equivalent spherical diameter x

The diameter of the sphere has the same physical properties as the particle in the measurement

Примечание 1: Например, the physical properties are the same as the sedimentation rate or the displacement volume or projection area of the electrolyte solution under the microscope.

Примечание 2: The physical property referred to by equivalent diameter should be denoted by an appropriate subscript, например. x S for equivalent surface area diameter or xV for equivalent volume diameter.

[Источник: ИСО 26824:2013, 1.6]

3.1.7 Particle Size Distribution. PSD

The cumulative distribution of material fractions less than a given particle size (size too small), expressed by the distribution density of material fractions in an equivalent spherical diameter or other linear size or size class divided by the width of that class

Примечание 1: Particle size distribution is described in ISO 9276-1.

3.1.8 Condensed particle counter

Instrument for measuring aerosol particle Number Concentration (3.1.1)

Примечание 1: Particle sizes detected are usually less than a few hundred nanometers and larger than a few nanometers.

Примечание 2: CPC is a possible detector for use with DEMC.

Примечание 3: В некоторых случаях, a condensed particle counter may be called a condensed matter kernel counter (CNC).

[Источник: ИСО 15900:2009, 2.5]

3.1.9 Differential electromobility Classifier

A classifier that can select aerosol (3.1.1) particles based on electromobility and deliver them to the outlet

Примечание 1: DEMC classifies aerosol particle sizes by balancing the electrical power on each particle with its aerodynamic drag in the electric field. The classified particles fall within a narrow range of electromobility determined by the operating conditions and physical size of the DEMC, and they can have different sizes due to the amount of charge they have.

[Источник: ИСО 15900:2009, 2.7]

3.1.10 Differential mobility analysis system DMAS

System for measuring submicron aerosol (3.1.1) Распределение частиц по размерам, consisting of DEMC, flowmeter, particle detector, interconnect pipe, computer and suitable software

[Источник: ИСО 15900:2009, 2.8]

3.2 Specific terms and definitions

3.2.1 Particle release in paints, лаки и пластики

Materials are transferred from paints, varnishes and plastics to liquids or gases due to mechanical stresses

3.2.2 Particle number release n

The total number of particles in a specified size range released from the sample due to mechanical stress

3.2.3 The number of particles in a specific area releases nA

Particle number release (3.2.2), divided by the stressed surface area of the sample

3.2.4 Mass ratio particle number release

Particle number release (3.2.2), divided by the mass of material removed

3.2.5 Total volume flow

Volume flow, which absorbs all air transport emissions at the particle source and transfers them

3.2.6 Particle number concentration nV

Particles per volume of air

3.2.7 Process concentration

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), total volume velocity (3.2.5) and particle number release (3.2.2) due to mechanical stress on the sample

3.2.8 Measuring concentration

The particle number concentration (3.2.6) was calibrated against a specified process concentration dilution (3.2.7) to establish better conditions for aerosol analysis

3.2.9 Concentration of sample room

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), which results from the release of particle number in a specific area under better mixing conditions at specified room heights (3.2.3)

Примечание 1: Intermodel concentrations are independent of the selected test conditions and represent reference concentrations for actual particle number concentrations (например, particle pollution in the laboratory) when heights between models are carefully selected.

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