ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
مقدمة
ايزو (المنظمة الدولية للمقاييس) هو تحالف عالمي لهيئات المعايير الوطنية (الهيئات الأعضاء في منظمة الأيزو). عادة ما يتم تطوير المعايير الدولية من خلال اللجان الفنية ISO. يحق لكل مؤسسة عضو مهتمة بموضوع تم تشكيل لجنة فنية له أن تكون ممثلة في تلك اللجنة. وتشارك أيضًا في هذا العمل المنظمات الحكومية الدولية وغير الحكومية المتعاونة مع ISO. تعمل ISO بشكل وثيق مع اللجنة الكهروتقنية الدولية (اللجنة الانتخابية المستقلة) في جميع المسائل المتعلقة بالتوحيد الكهربائي.
يتم وصف الإجراءات المستخدمة لتطوير هذه الوثيقة وتلك المستخدمة لمزيد من الصيانة في الجزء 1 لتوجيهات ISO/IEC. بخاصة, وينبغي إيلاء الاهتمام لمعايير الموافقة المختلفة المطلوبة لأنواع مختلفة من وثائق ISO. تمت صياغة هذه الوثيقة وفقًا لقواعد التحرير الخاصة بجزء توجيه ISO/IEC 2 (راجع iso.org/directives).
يرجى ملاحظة أن بعض عناصر هذه الوثيقة قد تكون خاضعة لحقوق براءات الاختراع. ISO ليست مسؤولة عن تحديد أي أو كل براءات الاختراع هذه. Details of any patent rights identified during the preparation of the document will be found in the introduction and/or in the list of patent claims received by ISO (راجع iso.org/patents).
Any trade names used in this document are provided for the convenience of the user and do not constitute an endorsement.
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
Voluntary, related standards and conformity assessment related ISO specific and express the meaning of terminology as well as in relevant ISO technical barriers to trade (TBT) الالتزام بمبادئ منظمة التجارة العالمية (منظمة التجارة العالمية) information, يرجى الرجوع إلى عنوان URL التالي:iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, البلاستيك, اللجنة الفرعية SC 6, Ageing, Chemical and Environmental Tolerance.
الطبعة الثالثة تلغي وتحل محل الطبعة الثانية المنقحة تقنيا (ايزو 9370:2009).
التغييرات الرئيسية عن الإصدار السابق هي كما يلي:
– A more precise description of the calibration procedure for selective (الأشعة فوق البنفسجية) radiometers;
– Annex B was introduced to better explain possible spectral mismatches (systematic errors) in selective filtered radiometers.
يقدم
The period of natural weathering, accelerated natural weathering, artificially accelerated weathering, or artificially accelerated radiation exposure is defined only in terms of time, ignoring the influence of changes in spectral irradiance of the source and the moisture and/or temperature difference between different exposure tests. Defining the period of natural weathering exposure in terms of total exposure to solar radiation has been shown to be helpful in comparing the outcomes of these exposures at different times in the same location. لكن, it is also important to monitor solar UV radiation exposure from natural weathering exposure and UV radiation exposure from artificially accelerated weathering or artificially accelerated irradiation exposure.
Two methods of measuring UV radiation are commonly used. The first is the use of physical criteria, أي. exposure to a reference material that shows a property change proportional to the dose of incident ultraviolet radiation. The preferred option is to use a radiometer that responds to ultraviolet light. This document describes this method. It recommends the important characteristics of the instruments used and provides guidance for the selection and use of these radiometers.
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
1 يتراوح
This document specifies an instrumental method for measuring irradiance on a flat surface. This includes not only natural solar radiation, but also enhanced natural solar radiation and radiation produced by laboratory light sources.
To measure natural weathering and solar radiation that accelerates natural weathering, instrumental techniques include continuous measurements of the sun, solar ultraviolet and spectral solar (ultraviolet) irradiance, as well as the accumulation or integration of instantaneous data to provide radiation exposure.
To measure radiation in artificially accelerated weathering or artificially accelerated irradiation, instrumental techniques include the continuous measurement of total or defined bands of ultraviolet radiation, visible spectral irradiance and/or ultraviolet spectral irradiance, and the accumulation or integration of instantaneous data to provide radiation exposure.
This document does not specify procedures for the use of blue wool standards, chemical dosing or polymer or other thin film dosing.
2 المراجع المعيارية
تمت الإشارة إلى الملفات التالية في النص بطريقة تشكل جزءًا من متطلبات هذا المستند أو جميعها. للمراجع المؤرخة, تنطبق النسخة المذكورة فقط. للمراجع غير المؤرخة, نسخة جديدة من المرجع (بما في ذلك أي مراجعات) ينطبق.
ايزو 9059, Solar energy – Comparative calibration of a field pyrometer with a reference sunshine meter
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
ايزو 9060, Solar Energy – Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical sun and direct solar radiation
ايزو 9846, Solar energy – Calibration of pyrheliometer using a sunshine meter
ايزو 9847, Solar energy – Calibration of on-site pyrheliometers compared to reference pyrheliometers
ASTM E816, Standard test method for calibrated pyrometers compared to reference pyrometers
ASTM E824, standard test method that moves calibration from reference to field radiometer
ASTM G90, Standard practice for accelerated outdoor weathering of non-metallic materials using concentrated natural sunlight
ASTM G130, Standard test method for calibration of narrow band and wide band ultraviolet radiometers using spectroradiometers
ASTM G138, Standard test method for Calibration of spectroradiometers using standard irradiance sources
ASTM G183, Standard Practice for Field Use of pyrheliometers, sunshine meters, and ultraviolet radiometers
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
3 المصطلحات والتعاريف
لأغراض هذه الوثيقة, تنطبق المصطلحات والتعاريف التالية.
3.1 Artificial accelerated weathering
When exposing materials in a laboratory aging device, these conditions may be more periodic and intense than those encountered outdoors or in service
ملحوظة 1: This involves laboratory radiation sources, حرارة, and moisture (in the form of relative humidity and/or water spraying, condensation, or soaking) to try to produce the same changes more quickly as long-term outdoor exposure.
ملحوظة 2: The device may include devices for controlling and/or monitoring light sources and other weathering variables. It may also include exposure to special conditions, such as acid fog to simulate the effects of industrial gases.
3.2 Artificial accelerated irradiation
Exposing the material to a laboratory radiation source is designed to mimic solar radiation filtered by window glass or radiation from an indoor lighting source, and the sample can withstand relatively small changes in temperature and relative humidity to try to produce the same changes more quickly as when the material is used in an indoor environment
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
3.3 Blocking
The ability of a filter to suppress or not transmit radiation outside the intended passband, usually expressed as a fraction or percentage of incident radiation
3.4 موجة عريضة
Characteristics of filters and radiometers with a half-maximum (3.15) full width between 20 nm and 70 نانومتر
ملحوظة 1: It usually describes filter radiometers that measure in the range of 300 نانومتر ل 400 نانومتر.
3.5 Center Wavelength
continuous
The wavelength is located at the midpoint of the full width and is separated by a half maximum (3.15)
ملحوظة 1: أنظر للشكل 1.
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
3.6 cosine receptors
A radiative transfer device that samples the radiative flux according to the cosine of the incidence Angle and collects all the incident radiation in the 2π sphericity (أي., in the hemisphere) استخدام, على سبيل المثال, an integrating sphere or a planar diffuser
3.7 Cut-off Wavelength
When moving from the peak transmittance to the long wavelength blocking region, the transmittance decreases to a wavelength of 5% of the peak transmittance
ملحوظة 1: See point 4 in Figure 1.
λ wavelength (nanometer)
Sλ normalized spectral response
1 Central wavelength (continuous wave)
2 1/2 height Full Width (FWHM)
3 Cut-off wavelength
4 Cut-off wavelength
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
3.8 Cut-off Wavelength
The transmittance increases to 5% of the peak transmittance when moving from the short wavelength barrier to the emission region
ملحوظة 1: See point 3 in Figure 1.
3.9 الكاشف
A photoreceptor, which forms part of a radiometer, converts incident radiation into an electrical signal to determine the irradiance of a surface
3.10 Diffuse solar radiation
The sum of the radiation reflected from the sky and (if in the field of view) from the ground in the 2π spheroidal field of view on a plane surface, excluding radiation in the solid Angle of 5° to 6° centered on the solar disk
ملحوظة 1: يرى 3.11.
3.11 Direct radiation
Direct solar radiation
Direct beam radiation
Solar irradiance is contained within a restricted solid Angle (usually 5° to 6°) centered on the solar disk
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
ملحوظة 1: If direct normal solar radiation is known, the direct radiation on the inclined plane can be calculated by multiplying the direct normal solar radiation by the cosine of the Angle defined by the plane normal and the line from the foot of the normal to the center of the solar disk.
3.12 Direct normal solar radiation
Direct solar radiation is incident on a plane perpendicular to the solar beam
ملحوظة 1: Direct normal solar radiation is measured with a pyrometer.
3.13 Drift
Measures the rate of change of the responsiveness of the instrument over time, indicating the stability of the instrument based on time
3.14 Visual Field
The full Angle of the cone is defined by the center of the receiver surface and the boundary limiting the aperture
3.15 Full-width half-width FWHM
&لتر; In passband Transmittance is the interval between wavelengths of 50% of the peak transmittance, often referred to as the “عرض النطاق”.
3.16 Hemispherical solar radiation
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
&لتر; On a inclined plane. The sum of the direct solar radiation incident on a flat surface plus all the sky and ground reflected radiation in the surface 2π spherical field of view
ملحوظة 1: If the slope of the plane is zero degrees (أي. أفقي), hemispherical solar radiation is often called global solar radiation or global horizontal radiation.
3.17 Interference filter
A filter that defines the spectral composition of transmitted radiation by interference effects
ملحوظة 1: Most interference filters consist of thin layers of metal and dielectric and therefore have high transmittance over selected spectral bands.
3.18 Radiation E
The radiant flux per unit area, measured in watts per square meter (W⋅m−2), is incident on a surface
3.19 Global solar irradiance
The solar radiation flux, both direct and diffuse, is received by the horizontal plane per unit area from a solid Angle of 2π sphericity
ملحوظة 1: It is expressed in watts per square meter (W⋅m−2).
3.20 Spectral irradiance Eλ
Irradiance at each wavelength interval
ملحوظة 1: It is usually expressed in watts per square meter per nanometer (W⋅m−2⋅nm−1).
3.21 Long-pass filter
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
The transmission wavelength is longer than the cutoff wavelength while suppressing the shorter wavelength filter, which is characterized by a sharp transition from minimum transmittance to maximum transmittance
3.22 Narrow band
Characteristics of interference filters with a half-peak full width (3.15) not exceeding 20nm
ملحوظة 1: In the same type of narrowband filter, the reproducibility of the center wavelength and FWHM is usually within ±2nm.
3.23 Passband
&لتر; In band pass filters > The wavelength interval between cutoff and cutoff
ملحوظة 1: أنظر للشكل 1.
3.24 Peak wavelength
Wavelength at maximum transmittance
ملحوظة 1: The peak wavelength is not necessarily the same as the central wavelength (أنظر للشكل 1).
3.25 Diurnal intensity meter
A radiometer for measuring global (أو, if tilted, hemispherical) solar irradiance
3.26 Daily thermometer
A radiometer used to measure direct normal solar radiation
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
3.27 Radiation exposure H
Time integral of irradiance
ملحوظة 1: It is measured in joules per square meter (J⋅m−2).
3.28 Radiometer
An instrument for measuring electromagnetic radiation, consisting of a detector, any necessary filters and diffusers, and a signal processing device
3.29 Reference radiometer
An instrument used to achieve a standard measurement value relative to an accepted radiation scale, such as the World Radiation Reference Spectral irradiance scale, with a specified traceability path and a specified measurement uncertainty
ملحوظة 1: Reference radiometers are used only to calibrate other radiometers by comparison, إستبدال, or other direct relationship.
3.30 Field radiometer
Instruments deployed in the field or in the laboratory accelerated weathering devices for routine radiation measurements, calibrated to a recognized standard scale by comparison, إستبدال, or other direct relationship to the reference radiometer transfer scales
3.31 Short-pass filter
The transmission wavelength is shorter than the cutoff wavelength while suppressing longer wavelength filters, which are characterized by a sharp transition from maximum transmittance to minimum transmittance
3.32 Spectroradiometer
An instrument used to measure the variation of spectral irradiance with wavelength in a narrow wavelength interval within a given spectral region
ايزو 9370-2017 المبادئ التوجيهية العامة وطرق الاختبار الأساسية لتحديد التعرض للإشعاع أثناء اختبار التجوية للمواد البلاستيكية
3.33 Source tracing
The ability to link measurements of a standard attribute to a claimed reference (usually a country or document) through an uninterrupted chain of comparisons, all of which have claimed uncertainty
3.34 موجة عريضة
Characteristics of filters with a half-peak full width (3.15) of at least 70nm
ملحوظة 1: It usually describes a filter radiometer with, على سبيل المثال, a wide passband of 300nm to 800nm.
قسم المعلومات القياسية فقط هو العام. لرؤية المحتوى كاملا, تحتاج إلى شراء المعيار من خلال القنوات الرسمية.