panimula
ISO (International Organization para sa Standardisasyon) ay isang pandaigdigang alyansa ng mga pambansang pamantayan katawan (Mga katawan ng miyembro ng ISO). Ang pagbuo ng mga internasyonal na pamantayan ay karaniwang isinasagawa sa pamamagitan ng ISO teknikal na komite. Ang bawat institusyon ng miyembro na interesado sa isang paksa kung saan itinatag ang isang teknikal na komite ay may karapatang kumatawan sa komiteng iyon. Ang mga internasyonal na organisasyon ng pamahalaan at di pamahalaan na nakikipag ugnayan sa ISO ay kasangkot din sa gawaing ito. ISO ay gumagana nang malapit sa International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) sa lahat ng bagay ng electrical standardization.

Ang mga pamamaraan na ginamit upang bumuo ng dokumentong ito at ang mga ginagamit para sa karagdagang pagpapanatili ay inilarawan sa Bahagi 1 ng Direktiba ng ISO / IEC. Sa partikular na, pansin ay dapat bayaran sa iba't ibang mga pamantayan sa pag apruba na kinakailangan para sa iba't ibang uri ng mga dokumento ng ISO. Ang dokumentong ito ay drafted alinsunod sa mga patakaran sa pag edit ng ISO / IEC Directive Part 2 (tingnan iso.org/directives).

Mangyaring tandaan na ang ilang mga elemento ng dokumentong ito ay maaaring sumailalim sa mga karapatan sa patent. Ang ISO ay hindi mananagot para sa pagtukoy ng anuman o lahat ng naturang patente. Ang mga detalye ng anumang mga karapatan sa patent na natukoy sa panahon ng paghahanda ng dokumento ay matatagpuan sa pagpapakilala at / o sa listahan ng mga claim ng patent na natanggap ng ISO (tingnan iso.org/patents).

Ang anumang mga pangalan ng kalakalan na ginamit sa dokumentong ito ay ibinigay para sa kaginhawahan ng gumagamit at hindi bumubuo ng isang endorsement.

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

Kusang loob, kaugnay na pamantayan at pag alinsunod pagtatasa kaugnay ISO tiyak at ipahayag ang kahulugan ng mga terminolohiya pati na rin sa mga kaugnay na ISO teknikal na hadlang sa kalakalan (TBT) sumunod sa prinsipyo ng world trade organization (WTO) impormasyon, mangyaring sumangguni sa sumusunod na URL:iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

Ang dokumentong ito ay inihanda ng Technical Committee ISO / TC 61, Mga plastik, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, Chemical and Environmental Tolerance.

The third edition cancels and replaces the technically revised second edition (ISO 9370:2009).

Ang mga pangunahing pagbabago mula sa nakaraang edisyon ay ang mga sumusunod:

– A more precise description of the calibration procedure for selective (UV) radiometers;

– Annex B was introduced to better explain possible spectral mismatches (systematic errors) in selective filtered radiometers.

ipakilala ang
The period of natural weathering, accelerated natural weathering, artificially accelerated weathering, or artificially accelerated radiation exposure is defined only in terms of time, ignoring the influence of changes in spectral irradiance of the source and the moisture and/or temperature difference between different exposure tests. Defining the period of natural weathering exposure in terms of total exposure to solar radiation has been shown to be helpful in comparing the outcomes of these exposures at different times in the same location. Gayunpaman, it is also important to monitor solar UV radiation exposure from natural weathering exposure and UV radiation exposure from artificially accelerated weathering or artificially accelerated irradiation exposure.

Two methods of measuring UV radiation are commonly used. The first is the use of physical criteria, i.e. exposure to a reference material that shows a property change proportional to the dose of incident ultraviolet radiation. The preferred option is to use a radiometer that responds to ultraviolet light. This document describes this method. It recommends the important characteristics of the instruments used and provides guidance for the selection and use of these radiometers.

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

1 Saklaw
This document specifies an instrumental method for measuring irradiance on a flat surface. This includes not only natural solar radiation, but also enhanced natural solar radiation and radiation produced by laboratory light sources.

To measure natural weathering and solar radiation that accelerates natural weathering, instrumental techniques include continuous measurements of the sun, solar ultraviolet and spectral solar (ultraviolet) irradiance, as well as the accumulation or integration of instantaneous data to provide radiation exposure.

To measure radiation in artificially accelerated weathering or artificially accelerated irradiation, instrumental techniques include the continuous measurement of total or defined bands of ultraviolet radiation, visible spectral irradiance and/or ultraviolet spectral irradiance, and the accumulation or integration of instantaneous data to provide radiation exposure.

This document does not specify procedures for the use of blue wool standards, chemical dosing or polymer or other thin film dosing.

2 Mga reperensyang normatibo
The following files are referenced in text in a manner that constitutes part or all of the requirements of this document. Para sa mga petsang sanggunian, ang binanggit na bersyon lamang ang nalalapat. Para sa mga walang petsang sanggunian, isang bagong bersyon ng sanggunian (kasama ang anumang mga rebisyon) angkop.

ISO 9059, Solar energy – Comparative calibration of a field pyrometer with a reference sunshine meter

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

ISO 9060, Solar Energy – Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical sun and direct solar radiation

ISO 9846, Solar energy – Calibration of pyrheliometer using a sunshine meter

ISO 9847, Solar energy – Calibration of on-site pyrheliometers compared to reference pyrheliometers

ASTM E816, Standard test method for calibrated pyrometers compared to reference pyrometers

ASTM E824, standard test method that moves calibration from reference to field radiometer

ASTM G90, Standard practice for accelerated outdoor weathering of non-metallic materials using concentrated natural sunlight

ASTM G130, Standard test method for calibration of narrow band and wide band ultraviolet radiometers using spectroradiometers

ASTM G138, Standard test method for Calibration of spectroradiometers using standard irradiance sources

ASTM G183, Standard Practice for Field Use of pyrheliometers, sunshine meters, and ultraviolet radiometers

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

3 Mga tuntunin at kahulugan
Para sa mga layunin ng dokumentong ito, Ang mga sumusunod na termino at kahulugan ay nalalapat.

3.1 Artificial accelerated weathering

When exposing materials in a laboratory aging device, these conditions may be more periodic and intense than those encountered outdoors or in service

Tala 1: This involves laboratory radiation sources, init, and moisture (in the form of relative humidity and/or water spraying, condensation, or soaking) to try to produce the same changes more quickly as long-term outdoor exposure.

Tala 2: The device may include devices for controlling and/or monitoring light sources and other weathering variables. It may also include exposure to special conditions, such as acid fog to simulate the effects of industrial gases.

3.2 Artificial accelerated irradiation

Exposing the material to a laboratory radiation source is designed to mimic solar radiation filtered by window glass or radiation from an indoor lighting source, and the sample can withstand relatively small changes in temperature and relative humidity to try to produce the same changes more quickly as when the material is used in an indoor environment

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

3.3 Blocking

The ability of a filter to suppress or not transmit radiation outside the intended passband, usually expressed as a fraction or percentage of incident radiation

3.4 Broadband

Characteristics of filters and radiometers with a half-maximum (3.15) full width between 20 nm and 70 nm

Tala 1: It usually describes filter radiometers that measure in the range of 300 nm na to 400 nm.

3.5 Center Wavelength

continuous

The wavelength is located at the midpoint of the full width and is separated by a half maximum (3.15)

Tala 1: Tingnan sa Larawan 1.

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

3.6 cosine receptors

A radiative transfer device that samples the radiative flux according to the cosine of the incidence Angle and collects all the incident radiation in the 2π sphericity (i.e., in the hemisphere) using, halimbawa na lang, an integrating sphere or a planar diffuser

3.7 Cut-off Wavelength

When moving from the peak transmittance to the long wavelength blocking region, the transmittance decreases to a wavelength of 5% of the peak transmittance

Tala 1: See point 4 in Figure 1.

λ wavelength (nanometer)
Sλ normalized spectral response
1 Central wavelength (continuous wave)
2 1/2 height Full Width (FWHM)
3 Cut-off wavelength
4 Cut-off wavelength

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

3.8 Cut-off Wavelength

The transmittance increases to 5% of the peak transmittance when moving from the short wavelength barrier to the emission region

Tala 1: See point 3 in Figure 1.

3.9 Detector

A photoreceptor, which forms part of a radiometer, converts incident radiation into an electrical signal to determine the irradiance of a surface

3.10 Diffuse solar radiation

The sum of the radiation reflected from the sky and (if in the field of view) from the ground in the 2π spheroidal field of view on a plane surface, excluding radiation in the solid Angle of 5° to 6° centered on the solar disk

Tala 1: Tingnan sa 3.11.

3.11 Direct radiation

Direct solar radiation

Direct beam radiation

Solar irradiance is contained within a restricted solid Angle (usually 5° to 6°) centered on the solar disk

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

Tala 1: If direct normal solar radiation is known, the direct radiation on the inclined plane can be calculated by multiplying the direct normal solar radiation by the cosine of the Angle defined by the plane normal and the line from the foot of the normal to the center of the solar disk.

3.12 Direct normal solar radiation

Direct solar radiation is incident on a plane perpendicular to the solar beam

Tala 1: Direct normal solar radiation is measured with a pyrometer.

3.13 Drift

Measures the rate of change of the responsiveness of the instrument over time, indicating the stability of the instrument based on time

3.14 Visual Field

The full Angle of the cone is defined by the center of the receiver surface and the boundary limiting the aperture

3.15 Full-width half-width FWHM

< In passband Transmittance is the interval between wavelengths of 50% of the peak transmittance, often referred to as the “Bandwidth”.

3.16 Hemispherical solar radiation

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

< On a inclined plane. The sum of the direct solar radiation incident on a flat surface plus all the sky and ground reflected radiation in the surface 2π spherical field of view

Tala 1: If the slope of the plane is zero degrees (i.e. horizontal), hemispherical solar radiation is often called global solar radiation or global horizontal radiation.

3.17 Interference filter

A filter that defines the spectral composition of transmitted radiation by interference effects

Tala 1: Most interference filters consist of thin layers of metal and dielectric and therefore have high transmittance over selected spectral bands.

3.18 Radiation E

The radiant flux per unit area, measured in watts per square meter (W⋅m−2), is incident on a surface

3.19 Global solar irradiance

The solar radiation flux, both direct and diffuse, is received by the horizontal plane per unit area from a solid Angle of 2π sphericity

Tala 1: It is expressed in watts per square meter (W⋅m−2).

3.20 Spectral irradiance Eλ

Irradiance at each wavelength interval

Tala 1: It is usually expressed in watts per square meter per nanometer (W⋅m−2⋅nm−1).

3.21 Long-pass filter

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

The transmission wavelength is longer than the cutoff wavelength while suppressing the shorter wavelength filter, which is characterized by a sharp transition from minimum transmittance to maximum transmittance

3.22 Narrow band

Characteristics of interference filters with a half-peak full width (3.15) not exceeding 20nm

Tala 1: In the same type of narrowband filter, the reproducibility of the center wavelength and FWHM is usually within ±2nm.

3.23 Passband

< In band pass filters > The wavelength interval between cutoff and cutoff

Tala 1: Tingnan sa Larawan 1.

3.24 Peak wavelength

Wavelength at maximum transmittance

Tala 1: The peak wavelength is not necessarily the same as the central wavelength (see Figure 1).

3.25 Diurnal intensity meter

A radiometer for measuring global (o, if tilted, hemispherical) solar irradiance

3.26 Daily thermometer

A radiometer used to measure direct normal solar radiation

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

3.27 Radiation exposure H

Time integral of irradiance

Tala 1: It is measured in joules per square meter (J⋅m−2).

3.28 Radiometer

An instrument for measuring electromagnetic radiation, consisting of a detector, any necessary filters and diffusers, and a signal processing device

3.29 Reference radiometer

An instrument used to achieve a standard measurement value relative to an accepted radiation scale, such as the World Radiation Reference Spectral irradiance scale, with a specified traceability path and a specified measurement uncertainty

Tala 1: Reference radiometers are used only to calibrate other radiometers by comparison, replacement, or other direct relationship.

3.30 Field radiometer

Instruments deployed in the field or in the laboratory accelerated weathering devices for routine radiation measurements, calibrated to a recognized standard scale by comparison, replacement, or other direct relationship to the reference radiometer transfer scales

3.31 Short-pass filter

The transmission wavelength is shorter than the cutoff wavelength while suppressing longer wavelength filters, which are characterized by a sharp transition from maximum transmittance to minimum transmittance

3.32 Spectroradiometer

An instrument used to measure the variation of spectral irradiance with wavelength in a narrow wavelength interval within a given spectral region

ISO 9370-2017 Pangkalahatang Patnubay at mga pangunahing pamamaraan ng pagsubok para sa instrumental na pagpapasiya ng radiation exposure sa panahon ng Weathering testing ng Plastics

3.33 Source tracing

The ability to link measurements of a standard attribute to a claimed reference (usually a country or document) through an uninterrupted chain of comparisons, all of which have claimed uncertainty

3.34 Broadband

Characteristics of filters with a half-peak full width (3.15) of at least 70nm

Tala 1: It usually describes a filter radiometer with, halimbawa na lang, a wide passband of 300nm to 800nm.

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