panimula
ISO (International Organization para sa Standardisasyon) ay isang pandaigdigang alyansa ng mga pambansang pamantayan katawan (Mga katawan ng miyembro ng ISO). Ang pagbuo ng mga internasyonal na pamantayan ay karaniwang isinasagawa sa pamamagitan ng ISO teknikal na komite. Ang bawat institusyon ng miyembro na interesado sa isang paksa kung saan itinatag ang isang teknikal na komite ay may karapatang kumatawan sa komiteng iyon. Ang mga internasyonal na organisasyon ng pamahalaan at di pamahalaan na nakikipag ugnayan sa ISO ay kasangkot din sa gawaing ito. ISO ay gumagana nang malapit sa International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) sa lahat ng bagay ng electrical standardization.

International pamantayan ay drafted alinsunod sa mga patakaran na ibinigay sa Bahagi 2 ng Direktiba ng ISO / IEC.

Ang pangunahing tungkulin ng komite ng teknikal ay upang bumuo ng mga internasyonal na pamantayan. Ang draft international standard na pinagtibay ng Technical Committee ay ipapakalat sa mga miyembro ng mga katawan para sa pagboto. Ang paglalathala bilang isang internasyonal na pamantayan ay nangangailangan ng pag apruba ng hindi bababa sa 75% ng mga miyembrong institusyon.

Mangyaring tandaan na ang ilang mga elemento ng dokumentong ito ay maaaring sumailalim sa mga karapatan sa patent. Ang ISO ay hindi mananagot para sa pagtukoy ng anuman o lahat ng naturang patente.

ISO 2493-1-21st “Determination of flexural resistance of paper and paperboard – Bahagi 1: Constant deflection rate”

ISO 2493-1 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Papel, Board and Pulp, Sub-Committee SC 2, Test Methods and Quality Specifications for paper and board.

The first edition, together with ISO 2493-2, cancelled and replaced the technically revised ISO 2493:1992. In the revised version, ISO 2493:1992 is divided into two parts due to different measurement principles. Ang bahaging ito ng ISO 2493 describes the constant deflection rate, at ISO 2493-2 describes the Taber type tester. If required, the part can also use a smaller bending length and a lower bending Angle. Added optional calculations in index form. A precise note has been added to the informative annex A.

ISO 2493 binubuo ng mga sumusunod na bahagi, under the general heading Paper and board – Determination of bending resistance:

– Bahagi 1: Constant deflection rate

– Bahagi 2: Tabor type tester

ipakilala ang
In ISO 2493:1992, two principles for determining bending resistance are incorporated into the same standard, although the two principles are very different.

One principle involves deflecting the same number of specimens with relative surfaces in the deflection direction; Ang bahaging ito ng ISO 2493 describes this principle.

Another principle uses a Taber-type tester, where the specimen is inserted and deflected to the top, and then deflected in the opposite direction without changing the specimen. This principle is described in ISO 2493-2. This method is based on TAPPI test method T 489 om-04[4].

ISO 2493-1-21st “Determination of flexural resistance of paper and paperboard – Bahagi 1: Constant deflection rate”

1 Saklaw
Ang bahaging ito ng ISO 2493 specifies procedures based on the two-point loading principle for determining the flexural resistance of paper and paperboard.

Tala 1 Tingnan ang ISO 5628[1] for a detailed explanation of the two-point loading principle.

Ang bahaging ito ng ISO 2493 applies to the measurement of bending resistance in the range of 20 mN to 10 000 mN. It is not suitable for corrugated cardboard, but can be applied to components of such boards.

The bending Angle is 15° and the bending length is 50 mm.

For samples where the bending resistance is too low to measure a bending length of 50 mm, a shorter bending length of 10 mm can be used.

Important note – Results obtained using different bending lengths will not be comparable.

For a circuit board that bends 15° and tends to permanently deform, you can use a semi-bending Angle, na ang ibig sabihin ay, 7,5 °.

Tala 2 The TABER type tester and the tester using the constant deflection principle do not give comparable results. ISO 2493:1992 is therefore divided into two parts.

ISO 2493-1-21st “Determination of flexural resistance of paper and paperboard – Bahagi 1: Constant deflection rate”

2 Mga reperensyang normatibo
Ang mga sumusunod na reference file ay mahirap o kulang para sa paggamit ng dokumentong ito. Para sa mga petsang sanggunian, ang binanggit na bersyon lamang ang nalalapat. Para sa mga walang petsang sanggunian, isang bagong bersyon ng sanggunian (kasama ang anumang mga rebisyon) angkop.

ISO 186, Papel at pisara – sampling upang matukoy ang average na kalidad

ISO 187, Papel, board at pulp – Standard atmospheres para sa conditioning at pagsubok at pamamaraan para sa pagsubaybay sa sample atmospheres at conditioning

ISO 536, papel at pisara – Pagpapasiya ng gramo ng timbang

3 Mga tuntunin at kahulugan
Para sa mga layunin ng dokumentong ito, Ang mga sumusunod na termino at kahulugan ay nalalapat.

3.1 Bending force

The force required for a rectangular specimen with a bent end clamped, measured under the conditions specified in this part of ISO 2493

ISO 2493-1-21st “Determination of flexural resistance of paper and paperboard – Bahagi 1: Constant deflection rate”

3.2 Flexural resistance

The average of all valid readings of the measured bending force (3.1) calculated in accordance with the provisions of this part of ISO 2493

Tala 1: Flexure is expressed in Newtons or millinewtons.

3.3 Bending Length

The radial distance between the fixture and the position where the force is applied on the sample under test is constant

Tala 1: See l in Figure 1.

3.4 Bending Angle

The Angle at which the fixture rotates when it moves from its initial position to the position where bending resistance is measured

ISO 2493-1-21st “Determination of flexural resistance of paper and paperboard – Bahagi 1: Constant deflection rate”

3.5 Free Length

The total length of the specimen protruding from the fixture

Tala 1: See L in Figure 1.

3.6 flexural index

Bending resistance divided by gram weight to the third power

Ang standard information section lamang ang pampubliko. Upang makita ang buong nilalaman, kailangan mong bilhin ang pamantayan sa pamamagitan ng mga opisyal na channel.