introduction
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ISO 16474-1-2013 Paints and varnishes – Test methods for exposure to laboratory light sources

The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35, Paints and Varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, Common Test Methods for Paints and varnishes.

The first edition of ISO 16474-1, together with ISO 16474-2, cancelled and replaced the technically revised ISO 11341:2004. The first edition of ISO 16474-1, together with ISO 16474-3, eliminated and replaced the technically revised ISO 11507:2007.

ISO 16474 consists of the following parts, under the general heading Paints and varnishes – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources:

– Part 1: General guidance

– Part 2: Xenon arc lamp

– Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps

– Part 4: Open carbon arc lamp

ISO 16474-1-2013 Paints and varnishes – Test methods for exposure to laboratory light sources

introduce
Paints, varnishes, and coatings of similar materials are commonly used outdoors or indoors for prolonged exposure to solar radiation or solar radiation behind glass. Therefore, it is important to determine the effects of solar radiation, heat, moisture, and other climatic stresses on the polymer’s color and other properties. Outdoor exposure to solar radiation and solar radiation filtered by window glass is described in ISO 2810[9]. However, it is often necessary to more quickly determine the effects of light, heat, and moisture on the physical, chemical, and optical properties of coatings exposed to artificially accelerated aging or artificially accelerated irradiation using specific laboratory light sources. Exposure in these laboratory devices is carried out under more controlled conditions than in the natural environment and is designed to accelerate polymer degradation and product failure. It is difficult to correlate the results of accelerated weathering or artificially accelerated irradiation with those obtained under actual conditions of use because of the differences between the two types of exposure and because laboratory tests often cannot recapitalize all the exposure stresses experienced by coatings exposed under actual conditions of use. In addition, the increased degradation rate of accelerated testing compared to natural exposure conditions varies depending on the type of material and its formulation. No laboratory exposure test can be specified as a total simulation of actual use of exposure. Due to differences in solar radiation, time of humidity, temperature, contaminants, and other factors, the relative durability of materials in actual use exposure can vary greatly depending on the location of exposure. Therefore, even if the results of specific accelerated weathering or artificially accelerated irradiation are found to be useful for comparing the relative durability of materials exposed to specific outdoor locations or specific conditions of actual use, they cannot be assumed to be useful for determining the relative durability of materials exposed to different outdoor locations or different conditions of actual use.

1 Range
1.1 This part of ISO 16474 provides information and general guidance related to the selection and operation of exposure methods described in detail in subsequent sections. It also describes the general performance requirements for equipment used to expose paints and varnishes to laboratory light sources. Information on such performance requirements is provided for manufacturers of artificially accelerated aging or artificially accelerated irradiation devices.

1.2 This part of ISO 16474 also provides interpretative information on artificially accelerated weathering or artificially accelerated radiation exposure data.

2 Normative references
All or part of the following documents are referred to normatively in this document and are required for their application. For dated references, only the cited version applies. For undated references, a new version of the reference (including any revisions) applies.

ISO 16474-1-2013 Paints and varnishes – Test methods for exposure to laboratory light sources

ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of test samples

ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes – Standard panels for testing

ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness

ISO 3270, Paints and varnishes and their raw materials – regulation and testing of temperature and humidity

ISO 4618, paints and varnishes – Terms and definitions

ISO 9370, Plastics – Instrumental determination of radiation exposure in ageing tests – General guidance and basic test methods

ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling

ISO 16474-2, Paints and varnishes – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: xenon arc lamps

ISO 16474-3, Paints and varnishes – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 3: Fluorescent ultraviolet lamps

ISO 16474-4, Paints and varnishes – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 4: Open flame carbon arc lamps

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the following articles apply.

3.1 Artificial accelerated irradiation

The material is exposed to a laboratory radiation source designed to mimic solar radiation filtered by window glass or radiation from an indoor lighting source, and the sample is subjected to relatively small changes in temperature and relative humidity in an attempt to produce the same changes more quickly as when the material is used in an indoor environment

Note 1: These exposures are often referred to as fading or light resistance tests.

ISO 16474-1-2013 Paints and varnishes – Test methods for exposure to laboratory light sources

3.2 Artificial accelerated weathering

In contrast to outdoor or in-service exposure, materials are exposed to conditions that may be circulatory and reinforcing in a laboratory aging facility

Note 1: This involves laboratory radiation sources, heat, and moisture (in the form of relative humidity and/or water spraying, condensation, or soaking) to try to produce the same changes more quickly as long-term outdoor exposure.

Note 2: The device may include devices for controlling and/or monitoring light sources and other weathering parameters. It may also include exposure to special conditions, such as acid fog to simulate the effects of industrial gases.

3.3 Control Materials

Materials that have a similar composition and structure to the test material and are exposed at the same time for comparison with the test material

Note 1: An example of the use of control materials is when a formulation different from the one currently used is being evaluated. In this case, the control will be the coating made with the original formula.

3.4 File Sample

A part of the material to be tested that is stored under stable conditions and used to compare exposed and unexposed states

3.5 References

Materials with known properties

3.6 Reference Specimen

Part of the reference substance to be exposed

ISO 16474-1-2013 Paints and varnishes – Test methods for exposure to laboratory light sources

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