A Preface
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a global alliance of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The development of international standards is usually carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member institution interested in a subject on which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented in the committee. Government and non-governmental international organizations that liaize with standardization organizations are also involved in this work. ISO works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document as well as those used for further maintenance are described in Part 1 of the ISO/IEC Directive. In particular, attention should be paid to the different approval criteria required for different types of ISO documents. This document has been drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of Part 2 of the ISO/IEC Directive (see iso.org/directives).

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

Please note that certain contents of this document may be subject to patent rights. ISO is not responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the introduction and/or in the ISO list of patent claims received (see iso.org/patents).

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This document has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 (Paints and Varnishes) in cooperation with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 (Paints and Varnishes) of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in accordance with the Technical Cooperation Agreement (Vienna Agreement) between ISO and CEN.

The fourth edition cancels and replaces the technically revised third edition (ISO 11890-2:2013).

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

Compared with the previous edition, the main changes are as follows:

– The scope has been expanded to include the determination of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC);

— The range has been expanded to include concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 100%;

– Added specification for the determination of semi-volatile organic compounds.

A list of all parts in the ISO 11890 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions regarding this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A full list of these agencies can be found at iso.org/members.html.

Introduction
This document is one of a series of standards dealing with the sampling and testing of coating materials and their raw materials. It provides a method for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content and semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) content of coating materials and their raw materials.

Warnings Use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This document is not intended to address all security concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and health of personnel before applying the document and to determine whether any other restrictions are applicable for this purpose.

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

1 Scope
This document is suitable for the determination of VOC and/or SVOC with an expected VOC and SVOC content greater than 0.01 % (mass) to 100 %.

The method given in ISO 11890-1 is used when the VOC mass is greater than 15%. This document (method ISO 11890-2) is applicable when the system contains both VOC and SVOC, as the VOC results of ISO 11890-1 May be affected by SVOC. For VOC content of less than 0.1%, the headspace method described in ISO 17895 was used as an alternative. ISO 11890-1 and ISO 17895 cannot be used to determine SVOC content.

Note 1 Certain components of coating materials and their raw materials can decompose and cause artificial VOC and/or SVOC signals during analysis. These signals are artifacts of the method and are not taken into account when determining the VOC and/or SVOC of coating materials and their raw materials (examples are given in Annex B).

This method assumes that the volatile matter is water or organic matter. However, other volatile inorganic compounds may be present and may need to be quantified by another suitable method and allowed in the calculations. The methods defined in this document are not applicable to the determination of moisture content.

Note 2 If organic acids or bases and their corresponding salts are present in the coating material or its raw materials, the amount quantified by this method may not be accurate due to changes in the acid or base balance.

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

2 Normative references
The following documents are referenced in the text in such a way that some or all of their contents constitute the requirements of this document. For dated references, only the cited version applies. For undated references, the new version of the reference (including any revisions) applies.

ISO 760, Determination of moisture – Karl Fischer method (general method)

ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of test samples

ISO 2811 (all parts), paints and varnishes — Determination of density

ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for standardization at the following addresses:

– ISO online browsing platform: available at iso.org/obp

– IEC Electronic Encyclopedia: available at electropedia.org/

3.1 Volatile Organic Compounds
Volatile organic compounds

Any organic liquid and/or solid that evaporates spontaneously at the prevailing temperature and pressure of the atmosphere with which it is in contact

Note 1: For current usage of the term VOC in the field of coatings, see Volatile Organic Compound content (VOC content) (3.4).

Note 2: Under U.S. government legislation, the term VOC is limited to those compounds that are photochemically active in the atmosphere (see ASTM D3960). Any other compound is then defined as an exempt compound (3.6).

[Source: ISO 4618:2014, 2.270]

3.2 Semi-volatile organic compounds
SVOC

Organic liquids and/or solids, spontaneously evaporate at the prevailing temperature and pressure of the atmosphere in contact with them, but more slowly than vocs

Note 1: For current usage of the term SVOC in the field of coating materials, see semi-volatile Organic Compound Content (SVOC content) (3.5).

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

3.3 Non-volatile organic compounds
Non-vessel carrier

Organic liquids and/or solids not classified as VOC or SVOC

3.4 Volatile organic compound content
Volatile organic compound content

Volatile organic compounds

The quality of volatile organic compounds (3.1) present in the coating material as determined under the specified conditions

Note 1: The nature and number of compounds to be considered will depend on the application area of the coating material. For each application area, limit values as well as determination or calculation methods are specified by regulation or agreement.

Note 2: If the term VOC refers to a compound with a specified maximum boiling point, compounds considered as part of the VOC content are those whose boiling point is below and includes this limit, while compounds with higher boiling points are considered as semi-volatile or non-volatile organic compounds.

[Source: ISO 4618:2014, 2.271, modified – entry note 2 added.]

3.5 Semi-volatile organic compound content
SVOC content

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

Svock

The quality of semi-volatile organic compounds (3.2) present in the coating material as determined under the specified conditions

Note 1: The nature and number of compounds to be considered will depend on the application area of the coating material. For each application area, limit values as well as determination or calculation methods are specified by regulation or agreement.

Note 2: If the term SVOC refers to compounds with specified maximum and minimum boiling points, compounds considered as part of the SVOC content are those with boiling points below and including upper and lower limits, and those with higher boiling points are considered as non-volatile organic compounds.

3.6 Exempted Compounds
Organic compounds that do not participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions

Note 1: This expression is only relevant in certain countries/regions.

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

3.7 Readily Available
The state of the product, when the product is mixed in the correct proportions in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and diluted with the correct diluent as required in order to be ready for use by the approved method

3.8 Internal standard
Compounds not present in the sample, completely separated from the other components in the chromatogram, inert relative to the sample composition, stable over the desired temperature range and known purity, are added to the sample to control the dilution and injection steps of the analysis

3.9 Surrogacy standards
Compounds of known purity, used to quantify unidentified volatile organic compounds and SVOC

3.10 Labeled compounds
Compounds used to distinguish VOC from SVOC, or SVOC from NVOC (if required to be distinguished based on retention time) (3.11)

3.11 Retention time
tR

The time elapsed between the injection of sample components and the recording of peak maxima

3.12 Extraction solvent
Liquid used to extract volatile organic compounds and Svocs from the substrates under study

3.13 Main peak
A peak that makes a significant contribution to either side

– Volatile organic compound content, i.e. ≥ 10% of the absolute volatile organic compound content (e.g. DEA equivalent) and ≥0.1% (e.g. DEA equivalent), or

— SVOC content, that is, ≥10% (DEA equivalent) and ≥0.1% mass (DEA equivalent) of absolute SVOC content

ISO 11890-2-2020 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content – Part 2- Gas chromatography”

3.14 Secondary peak
Peak, with only a small contribution to either side

– Volatile organic compound content, i.e. < 0.1% of mass (such as DEA equivalent) and/or < 10% of the absolute volatile organic compound content (such as DEA equivalent), or

– SVOC content, namely < 0.1% by mass (DEA equivalent) and/or absolute SVOC content < 10% (DEA equivalent)

3.15 Reagents
Substances used for chemical/biochemical analysis or other reactions

[Source: ISO 20391-1:2018, 3.19]

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