意义和目的
5.1 与任何加速测试一样, the increase in weathering rate compared to in-service exposure depends on the material. 所以, there is no acceleration factor that can be used to correlate two different types of outdoor weathering exposure. When comparing coatings with different compositions, the weatherability rankings of the coatings provided by these two programs may not be consistent. The two processes should not be used interchangeably.

5.2 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide a higher degradation rate of coatings than those provided by fixed Angle, open, outdoor exposure racks. For many products, fixed-angle exposure will yield a higher degradation rate than the normal end use of the material.

5.2.1 For materials with higher temperature end-use conditions, using procedure A (black box) instead of open rack direct exposure is a more realistic test. For many coatings, this process provides degradation rates higher than 5° that would be provided by an open exposure facing the equator, as the black box produces higher sample temperatures and longer sample humidity times during daylight exposure. The temperature of the black box sample is comparable to that on the hood, roof and deck cover of a car parked in the sun. 美国材料试验学会STP 781 gives the relative rates of gloss loss and color change resulting from exposure to procedure A in certain automotive coatings. 四

5.2.2 The weathering accelerated degradation described in procedure C is generated by reflecting sunlight from ten mirrors onto the air-cooled sample area. 大约 1400 MJ/m2 in the central Arizona climate received UV radiation exposure (295 to 385nm) during a typical year when the samples were exposed to these devices. In comparison, approximately 333 MJ/m2 central Arizona latitude exposure and 280 MJ/m2 Southern Florida latitude exposure to UV radiation during the same time period. 然而, the test described in Procedure C only reflects the beam radiation onto the test sample. The reflected direct beam of sunlight contains a lower percentage of shortwave UV radiation than global daylight, because shortwave UV is more easily scattered by the atmosphere, and because mirrors are generally less efficient at shorter UV wavelengths. The level of UV radiation exposure should not be used to calculate the acceleration coefficient because the acceleration depends on the material.

5.3 Due to differences in ultraviolet (紫外线) 辐射, 潮湿时间, 温度, 污染物, 和其他因素, the weather resistance of coatings for outdoor use can vary considerably depending on the geographical location of exposure. 所以, it cannot be assumed that the results of a single exposure at a single location will help determine the relative weatherability of different locations. Exposure is recommended at multiple locations with different climates that represent a wide range of expected use conditions to determine weather resistance and/or service life.

美国材料试验协会D 4141-2022 涂料的暗箱和集中阳光照射

5.4 Due to annual climate variability, the results of a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate of material degradation.

笔记 3: Repeated exposures of three or more years, starting at different times of the year, are typically required to obtain “平均的” test results for a given location.

5.4.1 The degradation curves of many coatings are not linear functions of exposure time or radiation exposure. When short exposures are used as an indicator of weather resistance, the results obtained may not be representative of those obtained for long exposures.

笔记 4: Guidance G141 provides information to address variability in exposure testing for non-metallic materials. 指南 G169 提供了有关将统计数据应用于暴露测试结果的信息.

5.5 It is recommended that at least one control material be used in any exposure assessment. The control material is used to compare the performance of the test material relative to the control when the materials are not ranked against each other. The reference material used shall have a similar composition and structure to the test material and shall have known weather resistance. Two control materials are recommended, one with relatively good weather resistance and one with poor weather resistance.

美国材料试验协会D 4141-2022 涂料的暗箱和集中阳光照射

范围
1.1 The practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure procedures for assessing the external weather resistance of coatings applied to substrates.

1.2 The two processes are as follows:

1.2.1 程序A — Black box Exposure.

1.2.2 方案C — Fresnel reflector rack exposure.

笔记 1: Procedure B describes the heating black box subprocedure, which is no longer in common use and has been removed from the 2014 revision of this standard.

1.3 This standard does not cover all procedures that can be used by users to accelerate the outdoor exposure of coatings. Other procedures are used to provide specific effects; 然而, the two processes described here are widely used.

1.4 以 SI 单位或墨水磅单位表示的值应单独视为标准值. 每个系统中指定的值不一定相同; 所以, 确保符合标准, 每个系统应相互独立使用，两个系统的值不应组合.

美国材料试验协会D 4141-2022 涂料的暗箱和集中阳光照射

1.5 本标准并非旨在解决所有安全问题, 如果有的话, 与其使用相关. 本标准的使用者有责任建立适当的安全机制, 健康和环境实践，并在使用前确定监管限制的适用性.

1.6 本国际标准是根据《关于制定国际标准的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的, 世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒委员会发布的指南和建议.