前言
国际标准化组织 (国际标准化组织) 是国家标准机构的全球联盟 (ISO成员机构). 国际标准的制定通常通过ISO技术委员会进行. 每个对已成立技术委员会的主题感兴趣的成员机构都有权在该委员会中派代表参加. 与 ISO 联络的国际政府和非政府组织也参与了这项工作. ISO 与国际电工委员会密切合作 (国际电工委员会) 关于电工标准化的所有问题.

用于开发本文件的程序以及用于进一步维护的程序在第 1 部分中进行了描述。 1 ISO/IEC 指令的. 尤其, 注意不同类型的 ISO 文件所需的不同批准标准. This document has been drafted in accordance with the editing rules in Part 2 ISO/IEC 指令的 (请参阅 iso.org/directives).

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Any trade names used in this document are information provided for the convenience of the user and do not constitute an endorsement.

自主性, related standards and conformity assessment related ISO specific and express the meaning of terminology as well as in relevant ISO technical barriers to trade (技术性贸易壁垒) 坚持世界贸易组织原则 (世贸组织) 信息, 请参考以下网址:iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document has been prepared by the ISO/TC 256 Technical Committee on Pigments, Dyes and Fillers.

Any feedback or questions about this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete list of these institutions can be found at iso.org/members.html.

国际标准化组织 21683-2019 “从涂料中释放模拟纳米物体, 清漆, 和有色塑料中颜料和填料的测定实验”

介绍
Nanoobjects (nanoscale pigments and fillers) may be released from paints, varnishes and tinted plastics into the surrounding air or liquid, which is an important health and safety consideration for the end user and the environment. 所以, it is important to obtain data on the tendency of tinted coatings and plastics to release nanoobjects so that exposure can be assessed, controlled and minimized [10]. The properties may depend on the physical and chemical properties of the nano-object and the matrix containing the nano-object.

The methods currently available to assess the tendency of pigments, varnishes and plastics to release nano-objects into the air require energy to be applied to the sample to induce wear, erosion or comminentation, which causes the particles to diffuse into the gas phase, IE。, produce aerosols.

Due to its high sensitivity, particle number concentration and quantity weighted particle size distributions are necessary to quantify the release of nano-objects, because particle mass depends on cubic particle size and the mass concentration of nano-objects is too low to detect them with currently commercially available instruments. Further measurements, such as total particle surface concentration, such as references [11] 和 [12], may help explain, 例如, health aspects. If the shape, morphology, 孔隙率, and density of the granular material is known, it can be accurately converted to different quantity types by measuring the total particle size distribution.

In addition to selecting the appropriate measuring instrument, a quantitative assessment of process-induced particle release requires detailed information about the sample, the stresses introduced, and the type of interconnection with the instrument. 数字 1 shows, 例如, the single stages that need to be considered when quantitatively characterizing particulate matter release in the air.

1 范围
This document specifies a method for experimentally determining the release of nanoscale pigments and fillers into the environment under mechanical stresses of paints, varnishes and tinted plastics.

The method is used to assess whether and how many particles of defined size and distribution are released from the surface and released into the environment under stress (type and height of applied energy).

Samples are aged, weathered or otherwise conditioned to simulate the entire life cycle.

2 规范性引用文件
文中引用下列文件，其部分或全部内容构成本文件的要求. 对于注明日期的参考文献, 仅引用版本适用. 对于未注明日期的参考文献, 新版本的参考 (包括任何修订) 适用.

国际标准化组织 9276-1, Representation of the results of particle size analysis – 部分 1: Graphical representation

ISO/TS 80004-1, nanotechnology — 词汇 — 部分 1: Core terminology

ISO/TS 80004-2, nanotechnology — 词汇 — 部分 2: Nano-objects

国际标准化组织 21683-2019 “从涂料中释放模拟纳米物体, 清漆, 和有色塑料中颜料和填料的测定实验”

3 术语和定义
就本文件而言, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1, ISO/TS 80004-2 并且以下文章适用.

3.1 General terms and definitions

3.1.1 气雾剂

A system of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas

[来源: 国际标准化组织 15900:2009, 2.1]

3.1.2 纳米级

The length ranges from about 1 纳米到 100 纳米

笔记 1: Attributes that are not extrapolated from larger sizes are mainly represented within this length range.

[来源: ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.1]

3.1.3 Nanoparticles

For nanoobjects (3.1.4), all external dimensions are at the nanoscale (3.1.2), where there is no significant difference between the length of the longest axis and the shortest axis of the nanoobject

笔记 1: If the size difference is large (usually more than 3x), terms such as nanofibers or nanoplates may be superior to the term nanoparticles.

[来源: ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.4]

3.1.4 纳米物体

Nanoscale discrete materials with one, two or three external dimensions (3.1.2)

笔记 1: The second and third outer dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other.

[来源: ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.5]

3.1.5 画

Tinted coating material that, when applied to the substrate, forms an opaque dry film with protective, decorative or specific technical properties

[来源: 国际标准化组织 4618:2014, 2.184]

3.1.6 Equivalent spherical diameter x

The diameter of the sphere has the same physical properties as the particle in the measurement

笔记 1: 例如, the physical properties are the same as the sedimentation rate or the displacement volume or projection area of the electrolyte solution under the microscope.

笔记 2: The physical property referred to by equivalent diameter should be denoted by an appropriate subscript, 例如. x S for equivalent surface area diameter or xV for equivalent volume diameter.

[来源: 国际标准化组织 26824:2013, 1.6]

3.1.7 Particle Size Distribution. PSD

The cumulative distribution of material fractions less than a given particle size (size too small), expressed by the distribution density of material fractions in an equivalent spherical diameter or other linear size or size class divided by the width of that class

笔记 1: Particle size distribution is described in ISO 9276-1.

3.1.8 Condensed particle counter

Instrument for measuring aerosol particle Number Concentration (3.1.1)

笔记 1: Particle sizes detected are usually less than a few hundred nanometers and larger than a few nanometers.

笔记 2: CPC is a possible detector for use with DEMC.

笔记 3: 在某些情况下, a condensed particle counter may be called a condensed matter kernel counter (CNC).

[来源: 国际标准化组织 15900:2009, 2.5]

3.1.9 Differential electromobility Classifier

A classifier that can select aerosol (3.1.1) particles based on electromobility and deliver them to the outlet

笔记 1: DEMC classifies aerosol particle sizes by balancing the electrical power on each particle with its aerodynamic drag in the electric field. The classified particles fall within a narrow range of electromobility determined by the operating conditions and physical size of the DEMC, and they can have different sizes due to the amount of charge they have.

[来源: 国际标准化组织 15900:2009, 2.7]

3.1.10 Differential mobility analysis system DMAS

System for measuring submicron aerosol (3.1.1) particle size distribution, consisting of DEMC, 流量计, particle detector, interconnect pipe, computer and suitable software

[来源: 国际标准化组织 15900:2009, 2.8]

3.2 Specific terms and definitions

3.2.1 Particle release in paints, 清漆和塑料

Materials are transferred from paints, varnishes and plastics to liquids or gases due to mechanical stresses

3.2.2 Particle number release n

The total number of particles in a specified size range released from the sample due to mechanical stress

3.2.3 The number of particles in a specific area releases nA

Particle number release (3.2.2), divided by the stressed surface area of the sample

3.2.4 Mass ratio particle number release

Particle number release (3.2.2), divided by the mass of material removed

3.2.5 Total volume flow

Volume flow, which absorbs all air transport emissions at the particle source and transfers them

3.2.6 Particle number concentration nV

Particles per volume of air

3.2.7 Process concentration

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), total volume velocity (3.2.5) and particle number release (3.2.2) due to mechanical stress on the sample

3.2.8 Measuring concentration

The particle number concentration (3.2.6) was calibrated against a specified process concentration dilution (3.2.7) to establish better conditions for aerosol analysis

3.2.9 Concentration of sample room

Particle number concentration (3.2.6), which results from the release of particle number in a specific area under better mixing conditions at specified room heights (3.2.3)

笔记 1: Intermodel concentrations are independent of the selected test conditions and represent reference concentrations for actual particle number concentrations (例如, particle pollution in the laboratory) when heights between models are carefully selected.

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