Kahulugan at Layunin
5.1 As with any accelerated test, the increase in weathering rate compared to in-service exposure depends on the material. Kaya nga, there is no acceleration factor that can be used to correlate two different types of outdoor weathering exposure. When comparing coatings with different compositions, the weatherability rankings of the coatings provided by these two programs may not be consistent. The two processes should not be used interchangeably.

5.2 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide a higher degradation rate of coatings than those provided by fixed Angle, open, outdoor exposure racks. For many products, fixed-angle exposure will yield a higher degradation rate than the normal end use of the material.

5.2.1 For materials with higher temperature end-use conditions, using procedure A (black box) instead of open rack direct exposure is a more realistic test. For many coatings, this process provides degradation rates higher than 5° that would be provided by an open exposure facing the equator, as the black box produces higher sample temperatures and longer sample humidity times during daylight exposure. The temperature of the black box sample is comparable to that on the hood, roof and deck cover of a car parked in the sun. ASTM STP 781 gives the relative rates of gloss loss and color change resulting from exposure to procedure A in certain automotive coatings. apat na

5.2.2 The weathering accelerated degradation described in procedure C is generated by reflecting sunlight from ten mirrors onto the air-cooled sample area. Approximately 1400 MJ/m2 in the central Arizona climate received UV radiation exposure (295 to 385nm) during a typical year when the samples were exposed to these devices. In comparison, approximately 333 MJ/m2 central Arizona latitude exposure and 280 MJ/m2 Southern Florida latitude exposure to UV radiation during the same time period. Gayunpaman, the test described in Procedure C only reflects the beam radiation onto the test sample. The reflected direct beam of sunlight contains a lower percentage of shortwave UV radiation than global daylight, because shortwave UV is more easily scattered by the atmosphere, and because mirrors are generally less efficient at shorter UV wavelengths. The level of UV radiation exposure should not be used to calculate the acceleration coefficient because the acceleration depends on the material.

5.3 Due to differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, wet time, temperatura, mga contaminants, at iba pang mga kadahilanan, the weather resistance of coatings for outdoor use can vary considerably depending on the geographical location of exposure. Kaya nga, it cannot be assumed that the results of a single exposure at a single location will help determine the relative weatherability of different locations. Exposure is recommended at multiple locations with different climates that represent a wide range of expected use conditions to determine weather resistance and/or service life.

ASTM D 4141-2022 Darkbox and Concentrated Sunlight Exposure for Coatings

5.4 Due to annual climate variability, the results of a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate of material degradation.

Tala 3: Repeated exposures of three or more years, starting at different times of the year, are typically required to obtain “average” test results for a given location.

5.4.1 The degradation curves of many coatings are not linear functions of exposure time or radiation exposure. When short exposures are used as an indicator of weather resistance, the results obtained may not be representative of those obtained for long exposures.

Tala 4: Guidance G141 provides information to address variability in exposure testing for non-metallic materials. Ang Guidance G169 ay nagbibigay ng impormasyon sa paglalapat ng mga istatistika sa mga resulta ng exposure test.

5.5 It is recommended that at least one control material be used in any exposure assessment. The control material is used to compare the performance of the test material relative to the control when the materials are not ranked against each other. The reference material used shall have a similar composition and structure to the test material and shall have known weather resistance. Two control materials are recommended, one with relatively good weather resistance and one with poor weather resistance.

ASTM D 4141-2022 Darkbox and Concentrated Sunlight Exposure for Coatings

Saklaw ng
1.1 The practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure procedures for assessing the external weather resistance of coatings applied to substrates.

1.2 The two processes are as follows:

1.2.1 Procedure A — Black box Exposure.

1.2.2 Program C — Fresnel reflector rack exposure.

Tala 1: Procedure B describes the heating black box subprocedure, which is no longer in common use and has been removed from the 2014 revision of this standard.

1.3 This standard does not cover all procedures that can be used by users to accelerate the outdoor exposure of coatings. Other procedures are used to provide specific effects; Gayunpaman, the two processes described here are widely used.

1.4 Values expressed in SI units or ink-pound units should be treated separately as standard values. The values specified in each system are not necessarily the same; Kaya nga, to ensure compliance with the standards, each system should be used independently of each other and the values of the two systems should not be combined.

ASTM D 4141-2022 Darkbox and Concentrated Sunlight Exposure for Coatings

1.5 Ang pamantayang ito ay hindi nilayon upang matugunan ang lahat ng mga isyu sa kaligtasan, kung meron man, na nauugnay sa paggamit nito. Responsibilidad ng gumagamit ng pamantayang ito na magtatag ng angkop na kaligtasan, mga kasanayan sa kalusugan at kapaligiran at upang matukoy ang pagiging angkop ng mga paghihigpit sa regulasyon bago gamitin.

1.6 Ang internasyonal na Pamantayang ito ay binuo alinsunod sa mga internasyonal na kinikilalang prinsipyo ng standardisasyon na itinatag sa Desisyon sa mga Prinsipyo para sa Pag unlad ng Internasyonal na Pamantayan, Mga Patnubay at Rekomendasyon na inilabas ng Komite sa mga Teknikal na Hadlang sa Kalakalan ng World Trade Organization.