A Preface
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ISO 2813-2014 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of gloss of mirrors of non-metallic paint films at 20°,60° and 85°”

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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.

The fourth edition cancels and replaces the technically revised third edition (ISO 2813:1994). It also incorporates the ISO 2813:1994 / Cor.1:1997 technical corrigendum.

The major technical changes are:

a) The title has been changed;

b) The scope has been extended to include gloss measurement of metallic coatings;

c) The term “specular gloss” has been replaced with “gloss”;

d) Gloss value is expressed as gloss unit (GU);

e) A new annex on possible sources of error has been added (annex A);

f) A new annex on calibration standards has been added (Annex B);

g) A new annex (Annex C) has been added on the calculation of gloss of major reference standards;

h) A new annex on precision details has been added (Annex D);

i) Precision data are the result of large inter-laboratory tests.

1 Scope
This international standard specifies the method of determining the gloss of a coating using three geometries of 20°, 60° or 85°. This method is suitable for gloss measurement of non-textured coatings on flat and opaque substrates.

Note that comparative gloss measurements can be performed on specimens different from those described above. However, there is no guarantee that the obtained gloss values correspond to the visual gloss perception (see Appendix A).

ISO 2813-2014 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of gloss of mirrors of non-metallic paint films at 20°,60° and 85°”

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to normatively in whole or in part in this document and are required for their application. For dated references, only the cited version applies. For undated references, the new version of the reference (including any revisions) applies.

ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes — Test standard panel

ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness

ISO 4618:2014, Paints and varnishes. Terms and Definitions

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the following articles apply.

3.1 Gloss

The optical properties of a surface, characterized by its ability to reflect light from its specular surface

Note 1: Examples of glossiness include high glossiness, glossiness, silk glossiness, semi-glossiness, satin, matte and dead matte.

[Source: ISO 4618:2014, 2.132]

ISO 2813-2014 “Paints and varnishes – Determination of gloss of mirrors of non-metallic paint films at 20°,60° and 85°”

3.2 Geometry

Identify the glossiness measurement using the specified Angle and the specified aperture

3.3 Gloss value

For the specified reflection Angle and the specified aperture Angle of the light source and the acceptor, the light flux reflected from the sample is multiplied by the ratio of the light flux of the glass surface with a refractive index of 1,567 in the specular direction to the light flux with a refractive index of 587,6 nm in the specular direction

Note 1: Gloss value is expressed in gloss unit (GU). Gloss values are not allowed to be interpreted and expressed as “% reflection”.

Note 2: Gloss values measured on coatings are expressed as rounded to the nearest whole number (no decimals).

Remark 3: To define glossiness, polished black glass with a refractive index of 587,6 at a wavelength of 1,567 nm was assigned values for the 100°, 60°, and 85° geometries.

Note 4: A glass surface with a reflection index of 1,567 at a wavelength of 546,1 nm (the central wavelength of the spectral luminous efficiency function) can be used.

Note 5: Gloss value is affected by surface properties, such as roughness, texture, structure of the sample.

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